Atomic layer deposition on Pd nanocrystals for forming Pd-TiO2 interface toward enhanced CO oxidation

Pd typically exhibits relatively low catalytic activity in CO oxidation, as CO is apt to be adsorbed on Pd to poison the surface for O2 activation. In this Letter, we report that this limitation can be overcome by integrating Pd with TiO2. The TiO2 was coated on Pd nanocubes with a controllable thickness using atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. Given the different work functions of TiO2 and Pd, the electrons in TiO2 semiconductor will flow toward Pd. With the electron density increased on Pd, the adsorption of CO to Pd will be weakened while the oxygen activation can be facilitated. Meanwhile, the interface-confined sites at Pd-TiO2 may further enhance the oxygen activation. As the species adsorption and activation are strongly correlated with electron density, the performance of Pd-TiO2 in CO oxidation turns out to depend on the TiO2 thickness, which determines the number of transferred electrons, within a certain range (<1.8 nm). This work provides a new strategy for enhancing catalytic performance through tailoring charge densities in hybrid catalysts.     

电催化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液

以复极性固定床电解槽为反应器,利用CuO-CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃多相催化剂取代传统反应器的绝缘填料,构建电催化氧化体系。采用XRD、SEM对CuO-CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃进行表征,考察了槽电压、pH、气体流量和极间距等因素对垃圾渗滤液降解的影响。结果表明,该体系对渗滤液具有较好的催化降解效果。当槽电压为15.0V、pH为中性、气体流量为0.08m³/h、极间距为3.0cm时,垃圾渗滤液COD和NH⁺₄-N的去除率分别达到93.7%和100%。在处理垃圾渗滤液的过程中,体系运行稳定,经过20次反复实验,降解效果仍能维持在70%以上。在电催化氧化体系的作用下,垃圾渗滤液中的难降解有机污染物被直接矿化或降解为小分子有机物;而NH⁺₄-N则主要被氧化为氮气和水。     

SNCR应用于水泥窑氮氧化物控制的氨氧化

为了对水泥窑应用SNCR控制技术时CaO催化NH3氧化问题进行研究,该文采用固定床反应器,研究温度(650～950℃)、NH3体积分数(100×10-6～1500×10-6)和O2体积分数(0～4%)对于CaO催化NH3氧化作用的影响。采用Fourier变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)测量NH3和NO组分的体积分数。实验结果表明:CaO催化NH3氧化反应的转化率和产物NO的选择性随NH3体积分数增加而下降,随温度和O2体积分数增加而增加。基于NH3转化率和产物NO选择性随NH3体积分数的变化规律,提出CaO催化NH3氧化的首要途径是NH3和O2的吸附,吸附态NH3会与O2反应生成NO,而非前人提出的NH3与CaO反应生成CaN。采用该机理可以较好地解释实验规律。     

甲酸-H_2O_2物系氧化苯乙烯制苯甲酸

在无催化剂的条件下,采用不同物系进行了苯乙烯氧化反应制得苯甲酸的研究.考察了物系种类、H2O2用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物的加入方式等因素对该反应的影响.结果表明:在甲酸-H2O2物系中,苯乙烯被氧化生成苯甲酸.在此物系中,随甲酸用量的增加,反应时间的延长,反应温度的升高,苯乙烯的转化率升高,苯甲酸的选择性先增加后减小;加料顺序和酸的种类也影响苯乙烯氧化的转化率和选择性.氧化苯乙烯制苯甲酸反应的优化条件为:甲酸-H2O2物系,采用先加入苯乙烯和甲酸再滴加H2O2的加料方式,过氧化氢38.4 mmol,苯乙烯6.4 mmol,甲酸38.4 mmol,反应温度80℃,反应时间5 h.在此条件下,苯乙烯的转化率为100%,苯甲酸的选择性达到91.4%.     

Mn/MgO催化剂的表征及其对苯甲醇氧化的催化性能

以硝酸锰为前躯物,采用传统浸溃法合成了一系列不同锰含量的Mn/MgO催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD),N2物理吸附、Raman光谱、X射线吸收光谱(XAS)及程序升温还原(H2-TPR)对负载锰氧化物的分散度、氧化态、配位环境进行了表征.结果发现,Mn负载量是控制负载锰氧化物分散度和配位环境的重要因素.当Mn负载量小于...     

电解液中Ce(NO_3)_3/Ce_2(SO_4)_3的含量对Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜层特性的影响

在硅酸钠-氢氧化钠电解液中以Na5P3O10作为稳定剂,通过改变Ce(NO3)3/Ce2(SO4)3的含量对Ti6Al4V合金进行微弧氧化,用XRD、SEM、EDS对试样表面所获得的氧化膜进行表征,并研究电解液中不同Ce(NO3)3/Ce2(SO4)3含量对氧化膜表面形貌的影响.结果表明,随着电解液中Ce3+的加入量增加到0.3 g/L,氧化膜表面的致密性减小,在此基础上加入0.5 g/L的Na5P3O10时,氧化膜致密性增加.EDS分析结果显示,膜层含有Ti、Na、Al、Si、P、O及Ce等元素;XRD分析结果表明,氧化膜的相组成为Ti、锐钛矿以及金红石.     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

NaBrO_3/NaHSO_4·H_2O氧化体系简便高效地固态合成二芳基卡巴腙

以NaBrO3/NaHSO4.H2O为氧化体系在固态条件下,通过对二芳基卡巴肼的单侧脱氢快速高效合成了十种二芳基卡巴腙.该方法操作简便、产率高、无溶剂、对环境友好.     

第四周期过渡金属钨磷杂多酸盐催化过氧化氢氧化正己醇成正己醛

以Keggin型杂多酸盐 (Na5PW11Z(H2 O)O3 9,Z =Mn ,Fe ,Co,Ni,Cu ,Zn ,以下简称为PW11Z)为催化剂 ,过氧化氢为氧化剂 ,在水—正己醇两相体系中进行了正己醇到正己醛的选择氧化反应 .在此选择氧化反应中同时伴随着过氧化氢分解的竞争反应 ,两种反应间存在着明显的对应关系 .在 70℃时 ,生成正己醛的催化剂活性序列为PW11Co>PW11Fe≈PW11Ni≈PW11Mn >PW11Cu≈PW11Zn ,其中PW11Co的正己醛收率为 3.3% ,当把过氧化氢稀释 ,向反应体系中滴入时 ,则正己醛的收率将大幅度提高 .对于PW11Co来说 ,正己醛的收率提高为 7.12 % ,选择性为 89.4% .还利用ICP ,IR ,UV等手段对催化剂进行了表征     

对一种接触氧化法新型填料性能的研究

阐述了接触氧化法中填料的发展状况及选择填料应遵循的原则,对一种新型悬浮填料的物理化学性质及生物附着量进行了研究,给出了相关的数据.结果表明,这种填料具有比较显著的优点.